Mudanças nos Hábitos de Vida em Pacientes Após Síndrome Coronariana Aguda

Autores:

Beatriz Moraes Florenzan<br /> Juliano Novaes Cardoso

Palavras-chave:

Síndrome Coronária Aguda; Coração; Mudanças no Estilo de Vida. Acute Coronary Syndrome; Heart; Lifestyle Changes

Resumo:

Introdução: A síndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) é uma dasprincipais causas de morbimortalidade global. Hábitos como tabagismo, usode álcool e sedentarismo são fatores de risco para SCA. O objetivo desteestudo foi avaliar se pacientes pós-SCA apresentaram uma mudança noshábitos de vida. Métodos: Estudo clínico-epidemiológico transversalprospectivo realizado em um ambulatório especializado. Foramincluídos pacientes encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica e queapresentavam histórico de SCA nos últimos cinco anos. Foram avaliados os hábitosde vida como tabagismo, sedentarismo e uso de álcool diário antes e após o eventoda SCA. A análise estatística utilizou o programa SPSS 13.0, considerandosignificância estatística para...

Título em Inglês:

CHANGES IN LIFESTYLE HABITS IN PATIENTS AFTER ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Resumo em Inglês:

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a leading cause of global morbidity andmortality. Habits such as smoking, alcohol use, and a sedentary lifestyle are risk factors forACS. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether post-ACS patients experienced achange in lifestyle habits. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional clinicalepidemiological study conducted in a specialized outpatient clinic. Patients referred forcardiology evaluation and with a history of ACS in the last five years were included.Lifestyle habits such as smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and daily alcohol use were assessedbefore and after the ACS event. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0, withp<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 127 patients with a history ofACS were evaluated. 59.8% were male, with a mean age of 54.5 ± 13.57 years, and 82patients (64.6%) were over 60 years old. Of the patients evaluated, 66 (51.9%) had ahistory of Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI), 48 patients (37.7%) had ahistory of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), and 13 patients (10.2%) had ahistory of unstable angina. The mean follow-up after the cardiac event was 3.2 years ±1.57. Of the patients evaluated, 104 patients (81.8%) were hypertensive and 75 (59%)were diabetic. In the assessment of lifestyle habits before the event, 73 patients (57.4%)were smokers, 32 patients (25.1%) regularly consumed alcohol, and 76 patients weresedentary (59.8%). After the event, 47 patients (64.3%) stopped smoking, 24 patients(75%) stopped drinking alcohol regularly, and 24 patients (31.6%) started physicalactivity. Regarding the psychological and social impact, 66.1% of patients reportedimpaired leisure activities, while 39.3% experienced difficulty sleeping. Religious activitywas preserved in 92.9% of patients after the event. Regarding work, 33 patients (25.9%)were unable to return to work after the ACS. Regarding sexual activity, 71.6% (91) ofpatients reported no impairment or interruption, while 28.3% (36) reported an impact afterthe cardiac event. Conclusions: After the ACS, there were positive changes in the patients'lifestyles, with the majority giving up smoking and daily alcohol consumption. However,adherence to physical activity was limited. Furthermore, there was a negative impact onaspects such as leisure, sleep, professional life and sexual activity, while religiosity waslargely preserved.